Saturday our first stop was Hagia Sofia, perhaps the most famous of Istanbul's mosques. The 'Sofia was built in 537 A.D. or B.C.E. (that's a really long time ago, in case the point was lost on you...) It is the oldest of Isanbul's mosques, but not the largest. It is, however, perhaps the most influencial on the design of later mosques. You can read the wikipedia entry, but, in short, it was first built by the Roman Empire as a temple, eventually became a Basilica (Roman Catholic church), and was converted to a mosque after the capture of Istanbul by the Ottomans in 1453 BCE. The picture here shows the dome and the perpetual scaffolding which, I guess, tends to be a mainstay in the mosque-turned-museum.
It was my first mosque I've every been too, and I can tell you it didn't diappoint. For the most part, the mosque is quite a different building that the "typical" basilica. The plan is basically more square rather than rectangular or cross-shaped...one somehow feels more "equal" in that the "front" of things is much less obvious than in a church which may have an altar or other focus for the front. Since Muslims pray 5 times a day facing toward Mecca (generally southeast in Turkey) each mosque has a mihrab or niche facing that direction. The directin of the mihrab may or may not correspond to the direction the mosque was actually built, though in many instances it seems generally toward the front of the building. The picture here shows the mihrab of the Hagia Sofia.
The mosque is a really amazing new form of bulding I have never experienced. One of the places we went on Saturday was the Rustem Pasa, which apparently has no Wikipedia entry (maybe I should make one!) The colors in the Rustem Pasa were quite different than what we experienced in Hagia Sofia.
Here, they were brighter and more vibrant, and the interior was almost entirely clad in ceramic tile. You can see the wonderful blue of the tile in these pictures. The tile was cleaned less than 10 years ago and, apparently, it makes a huge difference in the quality of the lighting within the mosque to have these clean, reflective tiles. I was amazed at the amount of light in the mosque, even though there were no artificial lamps lit (yes, its all natural daylight).
I sneakily snuck some pics of people praying as well...I just found it fascinating since I have never really experienced Islam. At the mosque, you remove your shoes before you come in (there is a carpet outside just past the front stairs on which your shoes must never be) and women must cover their head and shoulders with a scarf or other wrap. People come 5 times a day to pray, either in the mosque or just at home on a small prayer carpet. The prayer is a series of bows from compelte standing to down on one's knees and forehead, in a sort of sequence that repeats many times. They are "called to prayer" by announcements over loudspeakers distributed all over town...you can always here the call no matter where you are in town. Some interesting things about living in a Muslim country for a while.
Another place we went was the Museum of Turkish and Islamic Art. This museum was interesting but simple...many artifacts from various times in Istanbul's history. I feel like a learned a little about a culture I have no familiarity with. The best part (perhaps) of the museum was that I really got a chance to open up my sketch book and 'go to town' on some drawings. I produced about 3 pages of sketches in the hour and a half I was there. Not too bad if you ask me ;-)
Two of the most interesting things I saw there were a map of Istanbul's waterways during the time of Suleymaniye, a scroll-like piece of parchement with things that look like architectural drawings, and a panel on Yurt construction. The Yurt is a simple dwelling not unlike a teepee or other tent that is made to be erected and take down periodically, consistent with a nomadic lifestyle. The map is shown above and one of the panels on the Yurt is shown here.
Another place we went on our first walk were the Basilica Cisterns. This is esentially an underground colonnaded area that was used by the Romans to store water for drinking. Now it is a cathedral-sized underground place that tourists can visit for the low-low price of 10 Turkish Lira (about 7 bucks). This place was truely awesome, especially when one starts to think about what is must have taken to build them.
One of the real "tourist trap" parts of the Cisterns were 2 columns which featured heads of Medusa in various orientations. No one really knows why these are located in the Cisterns, and they are rather cheesily lit and advertised, but I have to admit, I still thought they were kind of cool.Other places we visited on our first day included the Spice Bazaar and the Hippodrome, both of which are places we are sure to visit in the near future. Our first was was really amazing, well organized by our professor, and very pleasant in the cool water off the Sea here. Tomorrow I will let you know a little more about what we did today, including a couple of more mosques and more Bazaar! Until tomorrow...







































